【禁聞】黨內鬥爭殘酷 中共元老鮮有善終

【新唐人2011年6月25日訊】在中共緊鑼密鼓為建黨九十週年唱頌歌的七一前夕，《美國之音》發表文章回顧歷史，指出中共建黨元老多數不得善終，最後只有董必武陪伴毛澤東出現在天安門城樓上。專家評論說，「無產階級鬥爭」學說注定黨內的殘酷鬥爭，而毛澤東利用登峰造極的權鬥手段，打倒其他中共元老，成就他的帝王野心。

《美國之音》6月18號發表王南署名文章：“歷史滄桑：中共建黨元老鮮有善終者”，列數了15名中共一大代表的最終命運。兩名共產國際派來的代表後來都受到黨內政治衝擊並死於槍決，其中馬林死在納粹槍下，尼科爾斯基則被自己人當成內姦處死。

出席中共一大的中國代表有13位，不過，在這些建黨元老當中，有幾位在中共官方史學家筆下淪為“落伍者”甚至“歷史罪人”。

張國燾在中共一大上被選為中央局組織主任，是三名“中央領導”之一。張一直在中共身居要職，在中共武裝根據地擔任“中華蘇維埃共和國”副主席。1935年6月，張國燾領導的紅四方面軍和毛澤東的紅一方面軍在四川會師，雙方產生矛盾，張國燾另立中央。國共合作抗日後，在中共內部受打壓的張國燾1938年跑到西安投奔國民黨，被中共開除黨籍。張國燾後來擔任過「對共鬥爭設計委員會」的官員。1948年，張國燾隨國民黨遷移台灣，1968年移民加拿大，1979年在多倫多病逝。

陳獨秀和李大釗雖然沒有親自出席中共一大，但是毫無疑問的被視為中共發起人。陳獨秀是新文化運動宣導者和五四運動精神領袖之一，曾任北大教授，在中共一大上被缺席選為中共首任總書記。

共產國際要求中共黨員加入國民黨時，陳獨秀不情願的執行了莫斯科的指示。北伐戰爭期間，陳獨秀和汪精衛1927年4月曾發表聯合宣言，試圖維持國民黨左派和共產黨的合作。八七會議上，中共決定對國民黨展開武裝鬥爭。陳獨秀被定為“右傾機會主義者”，把“革命失敗”的責任歸給了他。

1929年，張學良的東北軍試圖從蘇聯手中收回東北鐵路控制權，蘇聯紅軍進攻中國東北。中共提出“武裝保護蘇聯”口號，陳獨秀髮表文章，既反對國民黨政府以民族利益為口號挑戰蘇聯，又批評中共的宣傳方式“超越群眾”。中共宣佈陳獨秀喪失無產階級基本立場，淪為託洛斯基反對派，開除了他的黨籍。陳獨秀成為國民黨和共產黨雙方的敵人。1932年，陳獨秀被國民政府逮捕，以宣傳叛國的罪名被判處13年有期徒刑。1942年5月27號，陳獨秀在貧困交加中去世。

曾任紐約時報北京分社新聞助理的趙岩表示，馬克思主義的階級鬥爭理論注定了黨內的殘酷鬥爭。個性溫和的人最終被手段狠毒的人打壓和排除。毛澤東利用歐洲舶來的馬列主義，加上封建社會的權鬥手法，實現他個人的目地。

趙岩：15.15 「事實上毛澤東只是拿了他（馬列）學說的一部分，就是史達林主義和他自己所嚮往的秦始皇主義，也就是封建的殘酷的專制的，兩個主義結合在一起，那中共早期的建黨人不出現這樣的結果，他怎麼能實現他個人野心的目地呢？那是不可能的。但是他又必須掛著羊頭，賣著狗肉，來欺騙所有的中國善良的人們。」

另一位中共發起人李大釗出師未捷身先死，卻避免了日後蘇聯和中共的黨內鬥爭，保住了“革命先驅”的名節。李大釗曾任北大教授和圖書館館長。1924年，李大釗按照共產國際的指示加入國民黨，擔任國民黨中央執行委員。1925年，北洋政府指責李大釗“假借共產學說，嘯聚群眾，屢肇事端”並對他發出通緝，李大釗躲入北京東交民巷蘇聯大使館區。1927年4月，張作霖控制的北洋政府逮捕了李大釗並查獲武器彈藥和宣傳品。以和蘇俄裡通外國的罪名被判死刑。

新唐人記者秦雪、周天採訪報導。

Few Communist Veterans Have Good Ends for Brutal Struggles

Before the Chinese Communist Party』s 90th anniversary,

Voice of America reflected on the CCP』s history by saying

that few CCP party-founding veterans have good Ends.

Dong Biwu was the only one left to stand beside Mao

on the Tiananmen Rostrum. Experts commented that

with brutal party-struggle tactics, Mao suppressed

other party veterans to fulfill his imperial ambition.

June 18, a VOA article by Wang Nan, titled 『Vicissitudes

of History: Few CCP Veterans have good ends,』

summarized the fates of first 15 members of the CCP.

Two from the Comintern were executed to death, i.e.,

Marin was shot by Nazi, while Nico Chhabra was executed

by his own comrades as a traitor.

Some of the 13 founding members from China were

labelled as 『laggards』, or condemned by the CCP』s

official historians as 『historic criminals.』

Zhang Guotao was elected as Director of Central

Bureau on the CCP』s 1st congress. Zhang was one of

the top three leaders of the CCP, and Deputy Chair of

Chinese Soviet Republic. In June 1935, Zhang』s Red 4th

Army and Mao』s Red 1st Army met at Sichuan.

They engaged in conflicts. After KMT–CCP anti-Japanese

cooperation, Zhang fled Xi』an to join KMT. His CCP

membership was revoked. He then worked with KMT』s

Fighting CCP Committee. In 1948, he moved to Taiwan,

then to Canada in 1968. He died in Toronto in 1979.

Although Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao didn』t attend

the 1st CCP congress, they were regarded as founders

of the CCP. As an advocate of New Culture Movement

and spiritual leader of May Fourth Movement,

Chen was elected as General Secretary on the 1st Congress,

although he was not present in the meeting.

When Comintern directed the CCP to join KMT,

Chen didn』t agree, although he followed the instruction.

During Northern Expedition War, Chen released a joint

declaration with Wang Jingwei in April 1927, trying to

maintain the cooperation between KMT and CCP.

In the 『August 7 Meeting』, the CCP decided to break

the cooperation, Chen was labelled as 『Right opportunists』,

and held responsible for the failure of CCP』s revolution.

In 1929, USSR Red Army invaded China in order to

Control Northeast China railways. The CCP presented

a slogan 『Protecting USSR with Arms』. Chen published

articles criticizing the CCP』s propaganda to be 『detached

from the public』. The CCP announced that Chen had 『lost

his proletariat position』 and become an opposition.

His CCP membership was revoked. He became an enemy

for both KMT and CCP. Chen was arrested in 1932 by

KMT government, sentenced to 13-year imprisonment.

On May 27, 1942, he died in poverty and sickness.

Zhao Yan from New York Times Beijing bureau said,

Marxism theory of fighting between classes led to

brutal internal strife of the CCP. A person with mild

personality would eventually be excluded by

the vicious ones. Mao used the imported Marxism and

added with political intrigues to serve his selfish ends.

Another CCP founder Li Dazhao was executed in early

period of CCP history, but avoided the fate of being

implicated by internal strife and kept his CCP title as

a revolution pioneer.

Li used to be a professor in Peking university.

In 1924, under Comintern』s instruction,

he joined KMT and was elected as one of the central

executive committee member.

In 1925, he was wanted by the Northern government

for using Communist doctrines to instigate riots.

He hided in the USSR Embassy. In April 1927,

when he was arrested, guns were found in his residence.

He was executed for illicit relations with a foreign country.

NTD reporters Qin Xue and Zhou Tian