【禁聞】污水廠停擺 塑膠回收污染嚴重

【新唐人2011年7月5日訊】中國已成為世界最大的廢塑膠市場。中國大陸海關統計，光是去年（2010年）1月就進口了55萬噸廢棄塑膠。有媒體報導，多年來，中國地方當局對於污水處理廠和環保產業園區等政策，執行不力，造成今天中國環境污染的問題越來越嚴重。

六月底《南方都巿報》報導，廢塑膠回收加工業近年來不但在河北省快速擴張，更蔓延到浙江、江蘇、湖北武漢、山東、河南安陽等地。

以河北省廊坊市文安縣為例，當地蘆各莊裡一個村民對《南都》記者說，當地廢塑膠回收加工產業是從上世紀80年代末開始的。一開始只有少數村民騎著自行車，從天津、北京載一些不要錢的廢棄塑膠回來，分類後再拿去賣，賺個差價。因為好賺錢又不花甚麼成本，於是90年代末，農民們開始以農用車拖回大量塑膠垃圾加工。而最近四、五年村民們發現「洋垃圾」品質比國內的垃圾好，因此反而願意付錢向外國人「搶貨」。

至於大量的塑膠回收物到哪兒去了？報導說，加工出產的塑膠顆料或成品銷往全國各地。從塑膠袋、果籃、臉盆、塑膠碗、軟門簾到電視機、洗衣機、冰箱外殼等都能做。

2004年，高壓聚乙烯一噸約7000塊錢人民幣，而回收利用後的同類再生顆粒，平均價格一噸只要3800塊錢，中間利差達3200塊錢。加上中國對塑膠原料的旺盛需求，全中國塑膠製品產量從開放初的104萬噸，到2007年已達到3600萬噸。

不過廢塑膠回收加工業是一種高污染產業，隨著各家廠房一天天擴建，大量取土把農田挖成了大溝小壑。這些大溝槽，變成村民們用來傾倒回收過程產生的大量垃圾。

此外，回收廢塑膠，一般會先集中放進水池一天，第二天再放進另一個水池浸一天，或直接投入火鹼、硫酸清洗。報導說，這些含有大量污染物的清洗用水，超過九成被直接排入當地水溝、河流或田裡。過去村內的水井打到100公尺就有好水，現在要打到300公尺才能喝，有錢一點的人早就不敢喝井水了，改買桶裝水。

報導還說，雖然2007年，地方政府建成文安縣第一座污水處理廠，每天處理污水能力達1000 噸。不過當地村民說：這座健源污水處理廠，只有上級領導視察時才會開機運轉一下。目前，污水廠大門緊閉，長滿荒草。污水廠外大溝裏只看到粉紅色的污水，根本沒有處理過。

另外，由北京「第五建築工程有限公司」投資的文安縣「東都環保產業園」，2008年建成投產，並獲得環保部核發的廢物進口許可證，原本打算建成北方最大的垃圾處理基地。不過《南都》記者發現，廠區內一座座工廠幾乎沒甚麼人。留守人員說，因為廠房租金太高，小工廠不敢進來，開工不足。目前只有18家企業進駐，園區內建成的污水處理廠已停轉幾年了。

新唐人記者曾耀賢、李月綜合報導。

Severe Pollution from Plastic Recycling

China』s plastic recycling is the largest worldwide.

In Jan 2010, China imported 550,000 tons

of plastic waste to recycle. Media reports however

that local governments fail to follow policies

on waste recycling, and pollution is rather serious.

Southern Metropolis Daily (SMD) reported

that the plastic recycling industry has grown

in Hebei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places.

The report said in Wenan County of Hubei,

plastic recycling started in the 1980s.

A villager told SMD that in the beginning

a few villagers collected plastics

in Tianjin and Beijing free of charge,

and then have reclassified and sold them.

In the 1990s more villagers joined in.

They trucked in large amounts of plastic waste.

Recently they saw that foreign plastic waste

is of better quality, so they are willing to pay

to get foreign waste.

Where did the recycled plastic go?

They are made into plastic goods all over China,

including plastic bags, fruit baskets, bowls,

and the covers of television and washing machines.

In 2004, low density polyethylene (LDPE)

was priced at RMB7,000/ton, but the equivalent

made from recycled plastic was only RMB3,800/ton.

China has a large demand for plastic,

which rose from 1 million tons in the 1980s

to 36 million tons in 2007.

The plastic recycling industry is highly polluting.

To build more and larger recycling factories,

people took top soils from the crop field.

And field ditches are used to dump the waste.

Recycled plastics must be soaked in water tanks

for two days, or washed in solution with alkaline

and sulfuric acid. The highly toxic liquid

produced in the process is mostly dumped

into the local waste system, rivers and fields.

In the past, well water was safe at 100m deep,

but now wells have to reach 300m to be safe.

Rich villagers all drink bottled water.

A SMD report said, in 2007 Wenan County built

the first waste water treatment plant,

but its treatment capacity is low.

Villagers said the plant only operates

when higher-level officials come to inspect.

Now the plant』s gate is closed and next to it

pink waste water 『beautifies』 the scenery.

Wenan County built an "environmental garden"

in 2008 for environmental protection factories,

and received permit to import foreign waste.

The garden is intended to be the largest

waste processing center in Northern China.

The report said the garden is pretty empty now.

The rent is too high for factories to move in.

Only 18 factories entered the garden,

and waste water treatment has stopped operating.

NTD reporters Zeng Yaoxian and Li Yue.