【新唐人2011年7月12日訊】近年來，中國洪水災害越來越嚴重。中國每人平均分配水資源量，不到世界人均水準的1/3。全中國近2/3的城市存在缺水問題。有專家指出，中共政府60年來推行的水庫大壩政策錯誤，造成各地廢棄水庫林立，雨季來臨一旦潰堤將形成泥石流災害，也讓中國水資源流失的問題更加嚴重。
這個月10號大陸媒體報導，中國約有2億人喝的飲用水不安全，全中國每年缺水量已達500多億立方米。
對此，德國工程博士王維洛指出，中國水資源流失問題的原因之一，主要是中共政府60年來推行錯誤的水庫大壩政策所造成。
王維洛（德國工程博士）：「從1949年到現在，世界上50%的水庫大壩是建造在中國，現在中國有41000多座水庫是不安全的。」
王維洛表示：目前中國有登記的水庫大壩共有八萬六千多座，全部庫容量可以滿足全中國一年的用水量。但是在八萬六千多座水庫大壩中，有百分之四十是不安全的「危壩險庫」。1975年淮河曾因為50多座水庫 相繼潰壩，造成下游23萬人死亡。因此一到雨季，中國的水庫反而不敢用來蓄水，防洪功能大為下降。為了發電，水庫到旱季才用來蓄水。這和世界各國的作法都不同。
除了有登記的八萬六千多座水庫，中國其實還有許多廢棄了沒人管的小水庫。部分還有發電能力的、可以賺錢的水庫，現在都歸了地方當局或承包給私人接手。而賺不了錢的水庫都沒人管了。
王維洛（德國工程博士）：「到1949年的時候，中國960萬平方公里的土地上，總共不到30座水庫，我們中國的古人不大推崇建水庫。」
今年湖南嶽陽市，因暴雨發生山洪土石流，超過40人死亡。當地村民說，數年來當地森林被砍伐精光，大雲山等地礦產資源開採，嚴重破壞地質，加上當地水庫年久失修，被大水衝垮，才造成這次土石流災難。後來當局說，當地沒有水庫。去年甘肅省舟曲縣泥石流災害，潰倒的八座大壩中，也有一座是廢棄沒人管的大壩。後來當局也說，當地沒有水庫。
那麼，為甚麼不拆掉這些危險的廢棄水庫？王維洛說，道理很簡單，要花很多錢。在中國，為了強推政策，任何一座水庫在評價時，都沒有把廢棄後拆除時所需要的經費計算進去，包括三峽大壩也是。
今年3月中國大陸開始大旱，到6月又急轉成洪災，長江中下游各省份災情慘重。《中新社》上月底（6月 27日）報導，只在幾天之內，江西省從大旱到洪水，上百萬人遭遇洪災，城鎮嚴重淹水，大量房屋倒塌，農田淹沒。江西省水利廳總工程師張文捷說，江西雖然有9700多座水庫，但有蓄水能力的只有 200多座，其他都是小水庫。這些水庫裡又有8000多座處於隨時可能潰壩的狀態，造成平常不敢蓄水、水多又蓄不了的問題。
報導還指出，江西省山江湖辦副主任鄢幫表示，雖然江西省的森林覆蓋率在60%以上， 但森林蓄水能力不足。下多少雨，地面就走多少水。在流域管理上，根本沒整合起來，存在嚴重的部門和區域「各自為政」，比如管農業生產的部門，管不了水庫和發電站。甚至官方在建設一些大型水庫一開始也只想用來發電賺錢，沒考慮到保育水資源的問題。
新唐人記者趙心知、曾耀賢、郭敬綜合採訪報導。
China』s Abandoned Reservoirs
In recent years, China has had more serious flood disasters.
China』s per capita water resource is less than 1/3 of the world
average, nearly 2/3 of China』s cities suffer from water shortage.
Some experts stated that the Chinese Communist Party』s (CCP)
policy mistakes in the past 60 years to excessively build
reservoirs and dams had resulted in many abandoned reservoirs,
which form debris during the rainy seasons,
and cause more serious water resource problems.
According to a Chinese media report on July 10,
about 200 million people in China drink unsafe water.
Each year, China is short of 50 billion cubic meters of water.
German-based doctor of engineering Wang Weiluo pointed out
that one cause of China』s water shortage is the CCP』s policy
to excessively build reservoirs and dams in the past 60 years.
Dr. Wang Weiluo: In the period from 1949 to the present,
50% of all reservoirs and dams built in the world were in China.
China now has over 41,000 reservoirs. This is not safe.
Wang said China has 86,000 registered reservoirs and dams,
40% of which are labeled as “dangerous.”
In 1975, 230,000 people died due to the collapse of
over 50 reservoirs and dams along the Huai River.
During the rainy seasons, people do not dare
to use the reservoirs to store water.
Reservoirs are used only in drought seasons to generate power.
This is very different from the rest of the world.
In addition to the over 86,000 registered reservoirs and dams,
there are many small reservoirs.
Those that can generate power and earn profits belong to
local governments or outsourced by local governments
to private companies; those that are not profitable are abandoned.
Wang: In 1949, on China』s 9.6 million square km of land,
there were less than 30 reservoirs.
The ancient Chinese didn』t promote the use of reservoirs.
Wang said, in western countries, managers of reservoirs are
required to clean up outdated reservoirs and dismantle the dams.
In China, however, abandoned dams are removed
only from the government』s records.
A mudslide caused by heavy rainfall this year in Yueyang City
of Hunan Province caused more than 40 deaths.
Local villagers said the causes of the mudslide were
the removal of forests in the past years,
mining in the Dayun Mountain and other areas,
and the collapse of a neglected reservoir by the heavy flood.
The local authorities later denied the existence of the reservoir.
A 2010 mud slide in Zhouqu County of Gansu Province
destroyed 8 dams, one of which had been abandoned.
Local authorities later also denied the existence of the reservoirs.
So, why not tear down these dangerous abandoned reservoirs?
Wang said that the reason is very simple - it costs money.
To speed up the authorities』 agenda, demolition cost was not
budgeted for any reservoir, including the Three Gorges Dam.
China has been having a severe drought since mid-March.
In June, floods took place in the mid and low ranges of Yangtze.
China News reported on June 27, within a few days,
Jiangxi Province turned from being droughty to flooded,
with millions of people suffering.
A large number of houses collapsed and farmland flooded.
General Engineer Zhang Wenjie of Jiangxi Provincial
Department of Water Resources said,
although there are over 9,700 reservoirs in Jiangxi,
only over 200 have the capacity to store water, others are too small.
And over 8,000 of the reservoirs are on the verge of collapse,
and therefore cannot store water.
According to the report, Yan Bang, deputy director of
Mountain, Rivers and Lakes Resources of Jiangxi Province,
said that although the forest coverage of Jiangxi is above 60%,
its forests』 water storage capacity is insufficient,
so the rainwater flows on the ground.
In addition, the province』s water management is not integrated,
with all areas fragmented and managing on their own.
The government only considers profit instead of focusing on
the conservation of water resources when building reservoirs.
NTD reporter Zhao Xinzhi, Zeng Yaoxian and Guo Jing
